Purpose and Background: leech can adher to nasal mucosa, nasopharynx, oropharyngx, hypopharynx, laryngx, esophagus, rectal mucosa and vagina and result in hemorraghic complications, even life-threathening. We describe a patient with manifestations of OCULAR leech in festation.Patient and Findings: A leech, Limnatis, was identified on OCULAR SURFACE attached to limbus by it's sucker in right eye of a Shepherd with history of washing his face in a stream. He had presented profusely running OCULAR SURFACE bleeding associated with OCULAR pain and severe blepharospasm. The leech was extracted after instilling topical tetracaine 0.5%. Bleeding stopped after ten minutes of pressure patching.Reexamination by slit lamp biomicroscope revealed microperforation of temporal bulbar conjunctiva just posterior to limbal palisades with surrounding subconjunctival hemorrhage and minimal anterior chamber cell and flare. Patient began using topical antibiotic, steroid and cycloplegic agents. By the second day after extraction, patient had only a limited subconjunctival hemorrhage.Conclusion: OCULAR leech infestation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of OCULAR SURFACE bleeding particularly in non-traumatic cases with history of recent contact with fresh water of a lake or stream in rural areas.

Purpose: We investigated the usefulness of amniotic membrane transplantation on OCULAR SURFACE (conjunctiva, cornea and sclera) reconstruction.Design: Retrospective case series. Material & Methods: 29 eyes of 28 patients who underwent amniotic membrane transplant in a 14 months period in Farabi Eye Hospital were included in our study. Follow up duration ranged from 4-14 months (mean 6.7 months). In conjunctival reconstruction; scar tissue was excised and amniotic membrane graft was secured in place by interrupted 8-0 vicryl sutures. In persistent corneal epithelial defect, after fine debridment, amniotic membrane was spread on epithelial side up and secured by interrupted or continuous 10-0 nylon sutures.Results: Of 17 eyes which underwent conjunctival reconstruction, 14 eyes had successful results; but operation failure was occurred due to fornical contraction in 2 eyes and implant exposure in 1 eye. All the remaining cases (with scleral melting after petrygium excision and persistent corneal epithelial defect) had good results.Conclusion: Preserved human amniotic membrane may be considered as an alternative substrate for OCULAR SURFACE reconstruction.

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is an OCULAR medical condition affecting people worldwide, and there is a growing concern over its high prevalence. Due to the human body’, s microbiome having a powerful impact on many diseases, it was necessary to study the relationship between DED and the OCULAR microbiome, and the purpose of this study is to examine the existence of this connection. Material and Methods: Two datasets of the OCULAR SURFACE microbiome in dry eye patients were used for this research, one with data of patients before and after treatment with intense pulsed light (IPL), while the other only holds information on cases suffering from a dry eye condition. Both are available on molecular data resources under specific study accessions. After pre-processing both datasets, they were analyzed, and phylogenic tree, alpha diversity, and beta diversity plots were produced. Results: The first dataset of both eyes of 20 patients with dry eye symptoms before and after IPL therapy was analyzed entirely. Bacteroidales (in 61 percent of the patients), Actinomycetales (in 60 percent of patients), Lactobacillales (in 61 percent of patients), and Erysipelotrichales (in 61 percent of patients) declined after the treatment. Still, the total difference between patient populations and treatment was not statistically proven (P value > 0. 05). The second dataset contained data from 87 patients with dry eye disease, and it demonstrated that Burkholderiales, Actinomycetales, Pseudomonadales, and Clostridiales are among the most abundant bacteria in this group, in contrast to the first dataset, which was occupied by Clostridiales, Burkholderiales, Actinomycetales, Bacteroidales, Bacillales, and Lactobacillales. Conclusion: This study showed there are multiple bacterial orders that have increased or decreased after the patients received their treatment with IPL, stating a potential connection between the mentioned orders and DED. More research is necessary to indicate a solid relationship between these two.